Tax Bracket Calculator
Calculate your 2024 US federal income tax broken down by bracket. See marginal rate, effective rate, and exact tax owed.
2024 US Federal Tax Brackets. Standard deduction applied automatically.
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The US federal income tax system uses a progressive bracket structure — different rates apply to different portions of your income, not your entire income. This means even if your top marginal rate is 22%, you don't pay 22% on all your earnings. The effective rate (actual tax ÷ gross income) is always lower than the marginal rate.
Example
Single filer, $75,000 gross income (2024) Standard deduction: $14,600 Taxable income: $60,400 10% on first $11,600 = $1,160 12% on $11,601–$47,150 = $4,266 22% on $47,151–$60,400 = $2,915 Total federal tax: $8,341 Effective rate: 11.1% Marginal rate: 22%
How It Works
Taxable income = Gross income − Standard deduction − Additional deductions For each bracket: Tax in bracket = (Min of [income, bracket max] − Bracket min) × Rate Total tax = Sum of tax across all brackets Effective rate = Total tax ÷ Gross income × 100
Marginal vs Effective Rate
Marginal rate: the rate applied to the last dollar you earn. Useful for evaluating whether a raise, bonus, or side income is worth it after tax. Effective rate: your actual average tax rate across all income. Better for budgeting how much you actually owe. The standard deduction reduces taxable income before any brackets apply: $14,600 (single), $29,200 (married jointly), $21,900 (head of household) in 2024.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are these 2024 tax brackets?
Yes — this uses the 2024 federal tax brackets for all four filing statuses (single, married jointly, married separately, head of household). Brackets are adjusted annually for inflation.
Does this include state income tax?
No — this is federal only. State income tax rates vary widely: 0% in states like Florida and Texas, up to 13.3% in California. Add your state rate to the effective rate for a total picture.
What counts as an additional deduction?
Common deductions: contributions to traditional IRA ($7,000 limit), student loan interest (up to $2,500), self-employed health insurance, HSA contributions. If you itemize, replace the standard deduction with your total itemized deductions.
How does a bonus affect my taxes?
A bonus is taxed at your marginal rate (not a flat rate). At $75k income, a $5,000 bonus is taxed at 22% — adding about $1,100 in federal tax. This is the marginal rate's practical use.